馬丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King, Jr.，1929年1月15日—1968年4月4日），著名的美國民權運動領袖，1964年度諾貝爾和平獎獲得者，有金牧師之稱。
1929年1月29日 馬丁路德·金出生於美國喬治亞州的亞特蘭大，他的父親是一個教會牧師。1948年馬丁·路德·金獲得莫爾豪斯大學學士學位，1951年他又獲得柯羅澤神學院學士學位，1955年他從波士頓大學獲得神學博士學位。
1954年 馬丁路德·金成為阿拉巴馬州蒙哥馬利的德克斯特大街浸信會教堂（Dexter Avenue Baptist Church）的一位牧師。1955年12月1日，一位名叫做羅沙·帕克斯的黑人婦女在公共汽車上拒絕給白人讓座位，因而被當地員警逮捕。馬丁路德·金立即組織了一場罷車運動（即蒙哥馬里罷車運動），從此他成為民權運動的領袖人物。1964年 馬丁路德·金被授予諾貝爾和平獎。1968年4月4日，他在演講時被一名刺客開槍打死。
1986年1月，總統朗奴·列根簽署法令，規定每年一月份的第三個星期一為美國的馬丁路德·金紀念日，以紀念這位偉人。他最有影響力且最為人之的一場演講是「我有一個夢想」，迫使美國國會在1964年通過《民權法案》宣佈種族隔離和歧視政策為非法政策。
他的妻子是科麗塔·斯科特·金。
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Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a vital figure of the modern era. His lectures and dialogues stirred the concern and sparked the conscience of a generation. The movements and marches he led brought significant changes in the fabric of American life through his courage and selfless devotion. This devotion gave direction to thirteen years of civil rights activities. His charismatic leadership inspired men and women, young and old, in this nation and around the world.
Dr. King’s concept of “somebodiness,” which symbolized the celebration of human worth and the conquest of subjugation, gave black and poor people hope and a sense of dignity. His philosophy of nonviolent direct action, and his strategies for rational and non-destructive social change, galvanized the conscience of this nation and reordered its priorities. His wisdom, his words, his actions, his commitment, and his dream for a new way of life are intertwined with the American experience.
Birth and Family
Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at noon on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 at the family home, 501 Auburn Avenue, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Charles Johnson was the attending physician. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the first son and second child born to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. Also born to the Kings were Christine, now Mrs. Isaac Farris, Sr., and the Reverend Alfred Daniel Williams King. The Reverend A.D. King is now deceased.
Martin Luther King, Jr.’s maternal grandparents were the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, second pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Jenny Parks Williams. His paternal grandparents were James Albert and Delia King, sharecroppers on a farm in Stockbridge, Georgia.
He married Coretta Scott, the younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurry Scott of Marion, Alabama, on June 18, 1953. The marriage ceremony took place on the lawn of the Scott’s home in Marion, Alabama. The Rev. King, Sr. performed the service, with Mrs. Edythe Bagley, the sister of Coretta Scott King as maid of honor, and the Rev. A.D. King, the brother of Martin Luther King, Jr., as best man.
Four children were born to Dr. and Mrs. King:
Yolanda Denise (November 17, 1955, Montgomery, Alabama)
Martin Luther III (October 23, 1957, Montgomery, Alabama)
Dexter Scott (January 30, 1961, Atlanta, Georgia)
Bernice Albertine (March 28, 1963, Atlanta, Georgia)